May all the two-legged creatures be happy, and may all the four-legged creatures also be happy. May all medicinal herbs grow in potency so that all diseases may be cured. May all miseries and shortcomings leave us forever so that we may always sing for the Lord during the holy fire ceremonies. We worship and pray to the Supreme Lord for the welfare of all beings. This is why it is highly regarded and extensively used today as much as thousands of years ago. It incorporates the principles of meditation (upasana), knowledge (jnana), devotion (bhakti), and rituals and duties (dharma and karma). Nonetheless, the Purusha Sukta gives us the essence of the philosophy of Vedanta, the Vedic tradition, as well as the Bhagavad-gita and Bhagavata Purana. This is primarily because of the archaic language that cannot always lend itself to interpretations based on the classical Sanskrit, and that many of the words can be taken in several different ways, both literal and symbolic. The Purusha Sukta is a rather difficult text to explain in a modern way. Though the mantras of the Uttaranarayana and the Vaishnavanuvaka do not seem to have any coherence with the 16 mantras of the Rig-veda Samhita, tradition has somehow tied them together. This part is called the Vaishnavanuvaka since it has been taken from another well known hymn called the Vishnusukta, a part of the Rig-veda Samhita. The first 18 mantras are designated as the Purvanarayana, and the rest as the Uttaranarayana. The most commonly used portion of the Sukta contains 24 mantras or stanzas. The contents of the Sukta have also been reflected and elaborated in the Bhagavata Purana (2.5.35 to 2.6.1-29) and in the Mahabharata (Mokshadharma Parva 351 and 352). The Mudgalopanishad gives a nice summary of the entire Purusha Sukta. An explanation of parts of it can also be found in the Shatapatha Brahman, the Taittiriya Brahmana, and the Shvetashvatara Upanishad. It also appears in the Taittiriya Aranyaka (3.12,13), the Vajasaneyi Samhita (31.1-6), the Sama-veda Samhita (6.4), and the Atharva-veda Samhita (19.6). The Purusha Sukta is an important part of the Rig-veda (10.7.90.1-16). It is often used during the worship of the Deity of Vishnu or Narayana in the temple, installation and fire ceremonies, or during the daily recitation of Sanskrit literature or for one’s meditation. It is recited in almost all Vedic rituals and ceremonies. The Purusha Sukta is a most commonly used Vedic Sanskrit hymn.
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